Throughout visual media, different camera angles have been used to create various effects.
Close-Up: A shot which shows shoulders and above of a person, allows the emotions of the face to be exaggerated and made clearer
Extreme Close-Up: A shot which shows either just the head, or a part of the head. Used to dramatically increase the effect of the facial expression and the emotions within.
Mid-Shot: A shot which shows the people from the waist up. Shows the body language and reactions of the characters in the shot. Allows greater effects from a conversation.
Long-Shot: A shot which shows the entire body of the people, allows groups of people to be shown, can be used to represent isolation when person is separated from a group of people in the same shot.
Aerial Shot: A view from where the camera is set up directly overhead the focus to ensure a clear view
Canted Angle: A shot in which the camera is set up tilted to one side, this angle is often used to present disorientation.
Crab Shot: A type of shot which involves the camera being placed into a confined space, for example, if a camera is place inside a container as the person opens it.
Deep Focus: A camera technique which allows objects which are both near and far be in focus simultaneously.
Establishing Shot: The shot which is used at the beginning of a scene, this is mainly used to establish the setting of the scene.
Hand-Held Shot: A shot filmed whilst the camera is held within the camera man's hand, opposed to some form of tripod. This is often used to make the shot seem shaky, which creates useful effects for making the scene seem realistic to the audience.
Head-On Shot: This is when the action comes directly towards the camera, rather than the camera following the action. This is often made use of with action movies or war films in order to give the audience a sense of involvement.
High Angle: This is when the subject of the camera is looked down upon via the camera, by having the camera held higher and angled down towards the subject. This is often used to make the subject seem small and insignificant.
Low-Angle Shot: This is when the subject of the camera is looked up to via the camera, by having the camera held lower and angled up towards the subject. This creates the idea of superiority which the subject posses.
Master Shot: A camera shot used at the beginning of a sequence to establish key component elements and relationships found within, and allow them to be able to make sense of them.
Pan: The camera is carefully and gently moving across a 180° Angle across the subject on a horizontal axis.
Point of View Shot(POV): A camera shot taken from the position of the subject in an attempt to create a sense of involvement and realism with the audience.
Pull Focus: This refers to a shot where one object was on focus, which is followed by another object becoming in focus. This is often used to present a shift in importance.
Rule of Thirds: This a common technique used in both photography and filming. They include the use of a 3x3 grid in hopes of dividing up the frames and finding which area of the frame will objects look best in.
Shallow Focus: This refers to a shot where an object in the foreground has been focused on, whilst the rest of the frame in the background has been blurred. This is often used to show the importance of an object/ character.
Soft Focus: This refers to a special blur in which a special lens or filter is used to create a hazy light around the subject(s). This is often used in romantic scenes within films.
Tight Frame: This refers to a shot in which the person or object within the frame, is given little to no free space within the frame.
Loose Frame: This refers to a shot in which the person or object within the frame, has lots of empty space around it, presenting the idea of solitude and isolation.
Tilt: A camera movement in which the camera is set in a fixed position, with the ability to move the angle vertically up and down.
Tracking Shot: A camera shot in which the camera moves along axis to follow the subject. This is normally done using a set of rails surrounding the subject in which a portable camera tripod is used.
Whip Pan: This refers to a very fast pan between two or more characters or points of interest.
Wide Shot: This can be used as an establishing shot or a shot to show the location. A good use of this is showing the size of a crowd or setting.
Zoom/ Reverse Zoom: By using the zoom function on a camera, the lens can be used to adjust how close or far the subject appears to the camera.
180° Rule: This is the rule of which during a scene, the camera must stay within the one side of the 180° Line, this line is an imaginary line which is used to add a sense of realism to the camera work, allowing it to let people get comfortable with the positioning.
Breaking the 180° Rule: This is when the decision is made to break the previously mention 180° Rule in an attempt to confuse and disorientate the audience.
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